Slaves in Greece Civilization
The definition of slavery in Greece:
The ancient Greeks referred to slaves (slavery) in more than one word in their Greek. Homerus in his author Iliad and Odyssey mentioned slaves with the word (slave taken in war) meaning prisoner of war. The Greeks also used the term (ave) (slave, especially one made in war). What was taken by war, whether free or slave, as I used a little in the sense of slave. As for the word (sl) (born slave or bondman) was more common and means who was born slave or originally from slave. The ancient Greeks also used the word (l) (enslave) to refer to slavery, but this term is still used in modern Greek in the sense that it works or prevails. Or the term (household) (household slave) means home servants.
There are also other terms in the Greek language, including (θεράπων) (servant, slave) which means follower, servant, companion or slave. As for the word (er) (follower), it means the follower, and the word (ἀκολουθίσκος) was used, which is the formula for minimizing from the previous word to refer to the young servants (boys). The word (παῖς) (child) means the child and was used to denote the servant of the small house (the boy) but it was used as an insulting form for adult servants. And finally the word (orα) (body or person) and its literal meaning "body", and was used in the context of talking about the emancipation of slaves.
The Genesis of Slavery:
Although slavery is the ugliest form of human life in terms of cruelty and inhuman treatment, it was not made by savage or barbaric man. The primitive groups that used to live in gathering, gathering and hunting did not know the system of slavery, and cooperation and equality prevailed. Live the trouble and hardship. The nature of movement and travel that characterized the primitive society helped in the absence of slaves, so the woman was in charge of caring for the family and gathering food was the task of the head of the family.
And when human life evolved, and man began to settle on the banks of rivers, domesticate animals, work in agriculture and mining, create cities, the burdens of life increased on him, and work became more difficult, so he began to exploit the weak and benefit from them in performing daily tasks, hence the idea of slavery and how to benefit from the resulting prisoners. In the aftermath of wars and invasions that break out between cities.
The prisoners were used in the development of the city, from building temples, palaces, building canals, wells, paving roads, and also working in mines, or they were sold for the sake of developing the city's financial resources and achieving wealth.
The prisoners were used in the development of the city, from building temples, palaces, building canals, wells, paving roads, and also working in mines, or they were sold for the sake of developing the city's financial resources and achieving wealth.
It is worth noting that the ancient nations knew many types of slaves; he knew the individual slave, the collective slave, the feudal slave, and the priestly slave. The corruption of economic and social systems is the most important factor in the emergence and types of slavery. Likewise, society is divided into a group that works (slaves) and a group that does not work (the masters).
And based on the foregoing, slavery is an undeniable sociology-economic political institution, but its origin has a profound resonance and an important component in the social structure that is indispensable and difficult to abolish. Where its appearance was linked to the development of the economy and society and accordingly, forms of slavery were numerous due to the natural development of human societies.
Among the types of slavery and its forms:
-Brutal or barbaric slavery:
its consider the first brutal or barbaric slavery is the first known to the history of mankind, because the violence and how to treat slaves .
- The old slavery:
that arose because the man exploited his captive instead of killing him in order to raise the standard of living of his master. Including the master realized how important his servants were, so he resorted to gentleness and moderation, which led to the slave's loyalty to his master and his feeling that he is part of that family that the patron (the head of the family) cares for. Old slavery is thus more similar in similarity to the ( patriarchy).
-Absolute slavery:
And in it the position of the servant is not different from that of the animal, so the servant is the property of his master who acts as he pleases and exploits the most heinous exploitation in order to achieve his desires, and this type of slavery prevailed in Roman society.
- Relative slavery:
In addition to those previous types of slavery, the relative slavery appeared, in which the slave was from the same inhabitants of his town and spoke the same language. Some slaves also enjoyed some political and civil rights, as some slaves had the right to retain some property, and this type of slavery appeared in ancient Roman society alongside absolute slavery.
Slaves of the Greeks:
-The position of philosophy on slavery:
Many philosophers have touched on the question of slavery and on top of these philosophers are Plato and Aristotle, each of them has a view of the issue of slavery, and none of these philosophers denied slavery or considered it contrary to justice and morality.
-Plato and the theory of slavery:
Plato is considered one of the most prominent Greek philosophers who dealt with the issue of slavery in his works, where he clarified the commitment of each individual to his work entrusted to him because of his nature, and thus considered slavery as a natural phenomenon that cannot be dispensed with.
An important consequence of this was that there are human beings born to be slaves and that a servant deserves that fate because God is the one who wanted this fate , who do not call themselves the art of judgment ...” Thus, Plato explains that slaves are just things created for sale and purchase, they are not the property of themselves,Like this division, Plato denounced the Greek enslavement of the Greek, even if he was a prisoner because of the war, but he supported the enslavement of the rest of humanity.
For everyone who is neither Greek nor speak Greek is a barbaric savage and deserves to be a slave to the Greek. Plato explains that there are some human beings born incomplete by nature and this deficiency is the motivation behind their enslavement, from which the imperfect (non-Greek) man is subject to the virtuous man (the Greek Master), and thus enslavement is necessary for the slave society because they are subject to the minds of the Greeks that guide them on the right path.
An important consequence of this was that there are human beings born to be slaves and that a servant deserves that fate because God is the one who wanted this fate , who do not call themselves the art of judgment ...” Thus, Plato explains that slaves are just things created for sale and purchase, they are not the property of themselves,Like this division, Plato denounced the Greek enslavement of the Greek, even if he was a prisoner because of the war, but he supported the enslavement of the rest of humanity.
For everyone who is neither Greek nor speak Greek is a barbaric savage and deserves to be a slave to the Greek. Plato explains that there are some human beings born incomplete by nature and this deficiency is the motivation behind their enslavement, from which the imperfect (non-Greek) man is subject to the virtuous man (the Greek Master), and thus enslavement is necessary for the slave society because they are subject to the minds of the Greeks that guide them on the right path.
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