Sultan Qalawun Group
One of the most wonderful Islamic Architecture in Egypt
Al-Mansur Qalawun:
Al-Mansur Qalawun assumed power when the Sultanate of Baraka Khan worsened and failed to carry out the burdens of governance. Qalawun intervened and the princes forced him to depose him and take over Badr al-Din Salam al-Hakam and the title of King al-Adil, who is seven years old, under the tutelage of Saif al-Din Qalawun al-Salih al-Alfi.
The occasion for the ruling to take place without being contested, so when he passed the opportunity to seize it and isolate the small sultan, he assumed the ruling on (Rajab 678 AH = November 1279 AD) and pledged allegiance to the princes and heads of the state, to be the seventh Sultans of the Mamluk state,and the title of King Mansour.
The backers were unanimous in describing Sultan Qalawun with the best and noblest qualities. He also succeeded Qalawun in seeking the hearts of people to him, to have mercy and softness, and his tendency to increase their suffering, so he abolished many of the taxes that were imposed on people, and nullified many of the grievances that the people suffered from.
Then he ended the rebellions and sedition. He also continued the jihad against both the Crusaders and the Mamluks until his death on the seventh of Dhu al-Qi'dah 689 AH corresponding to November 11, 1290 CE.Al-Moez Street for the Religion of God in Cairo, and this group is considered one of the most splendid historical and architectural structures in Al-Moez Street for the Religion of God.
This group consists of Bimaristan, dome, and school, in addition to a path established during his reign in the year 726 AH / 1325 CE. This way has replaced the watering of animals and is still remaining today on the front of the school.
The Bimaristan:
It was constructed to provide health and social care to patients, and the Sultan opened it at a grand ceremony attended by princes, the judiciary, and scholars.
The argument for stopping this medical edifice included that it is open all day to provide treatment to patients without regard to their classes or nationalities, and without compensation or remuneration.
The role of the Biemaristan was not confined to providing treatment, but rather went to teaching medicine to students, which is now similar to the teaching hospitals of medical colleges, where students are allowed to practice medicine under the supervision of their professors
The Mansourieh Dome:
The Mansuriyya Dome that he erected to be his burial was not limited to this purpose, but rather made it a school and a mosque, and arranged for fifty reciters to recite the Qur’an day and night, and assigned an imam to pray, and a world to interpret the Qur’an for students who secure the dome, and made a bookcase for it, and a treasurer to do its command , And this dome is one of the most beautiful surviving domes in Cairo.
The Mansourieh School :
History reminds Sultan Qalawun of the great constructions that he associated with a scientific renaissance and abundant activity, so he established a number of schools that were filled with elders and students of science, in the forefront of which was the Mansuriyya school, which he stopped to teach jurisprudence on the four schools of thought, and was taught by senior imams, notables and scholars.
The endowment argument, written by Qalawun, includes many references related to organizing the educational process inside the school in terms of the place of study, the sitting of the people of the four schools, and the places of residence of the jurist teachers, their wages, their salaries and other conditions.
The school is considered one of the finest Mamluk schools built in Cairo for its elegant architecture and its wonderful decorations.
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