The art of sculpture at ancient Egyptian civilization
Introduction:
The ancient Egyptian was keen that his house or the house in which he lived should be equipped with all the amenities, because it is the place where most of his life lives and he is a witness to family life with all its movement and activity, and the forms and sizes of these houses differed, and their contents differed according to the type of individuals who They live in it, and the ways and ways of building the old Egyptian house differed, and it included simple furniture. As if it was a continuation of life in its natural form and as a result of the owners' preoccupation with the palaces in their work such as senior officials, princes, senior clergymen or senior priests, so there must be a layer of the people and an integral part of it to serve these people both in the homes in the life of the world. And manifestations of interest in the class of servants to take statues for them, and views on the walls of the graves to serve them and recreate them in other life.
The ancient Egyptian was keen that his house or the house in which he lived should be equipped with all the amenities, because it is the place where most of his life lives and he is a witness to family life with all its movement and activity, and the forms and sizes of these houses differed, and their contents differed according to the type of individuals who They live in it, and the ways and ways of building the old Egyptian house differed, and it included simple furniture.
And it was from the continuity of life in its natural form and as a result of the preoccupation of the owners of houses and palaces in their work such as senior officials or princes or senior clerics or senior priests, so there must be a layer of the people and an integral part of it to serve these both in the homes in the life of the world.
And manifestations of interest in the class of servants to take statues for them, and views on the walls of the graves to serve them and recreate them in other life.
The beginning of sculpture and making small sculptures:
The first steps began to learn the art of sculpture since prehistoric times, the ages that preceded the knowledge of writing and methods of history in the civilizations of ancient peoples.
And in it another idiomatic cultural term, which is (stone ages), means the ages during which the first human civilization began, and they used modest and primitive stone tools from other branches of trees, animal bones, horns, fangs and large marine shells.
And they began their experiences by making modest stone tools and benefiting from them, and they carved everything they saw by name or adjective, and in the late ages of stone they converted to the early art of drawing and engraving and making and sculpting statues
Some researchers believe in the arts that the method of forming three-dimensional images, which are intended for small sculptures, was easier and easier for the primitive artist than forming two-dimensional images intended for painting on the walls.
That is, it would have been easier for him to hold a fist from the earth's clay and form it in the form of an animal or a person (length - width - thickness) than to draw an animal or a person with only length and width.
We do not know whether the primitive artist started with drawings and loved them more than the statues, or whether he liked making the statues and preferred them over the drawings, however samples of the statues that accompanied the methods of drawing and engraving remained since the early fifth millennium BC and developed with civilization development and according to the varying skill of their manufacture, and primitive artists exploited The earliest clay softness to make models where they are satisfied with small female models.
With the development of religious beliefs, they used the statues of their women for the purposes of the Hereafter, symbolizing them to the neighborhoods that the deceased wanted to ensure for him in the other life. Bone, ivory and other resources
When he entered the era of the beginning of minerals and the person rose in his livelihood, he began to master in the manufacture of his belongings and jewelry, and it is possible that the first artistic idea was planted in Lower Egypt despite the scarcity of documents indicating this, unlike the tribal aspect that appeared in the excavations of Al Badary, a jewelry that indicates the beginning of taste and art of taking It progressively develops over the days
The ancient Egyptian person did not think of making statues except for an urgent necessity, because he believed in the second life, and he needed to put magic dolls with him in the grave.
Art and his experiences began in the rich upper class, then the common people imitated them, and this was the prevailing character in Egyptian art in all his epochs.
The source from which the Pharaonic art originated, and the art of sculpture, and sculpture became ivory in the first position in this period, and the art of sculpting at this age was not limited to ivory only, but went beyond other things, but the skill and accuracy that appeared in ivory did not appear the artist penetrated the use of stones to the side of ivory, and began experimenting with making large statues.
However, the artistic production in this area indicates ignorance in art and roughness in taste, as evidenced by the statue of the beard man in the Louvre Museum, which was carved from the slate stone, And like naked except from the bag that covers his nakedness.
The source from which the Pharaonic art originated, and the art of sculpture, and sculpture became ivory in the first position in this period, and the art of sculpting at this age was not limited to ivory only, but went beyond other things, but the skill and accuracy that appeared in ivory did not appear the artist penetrated the use of stones to the side of ivory, and began experimenting with making large statues.
However, the artistic production in this area indicates ignorance in art and roughness in taste, as evidenced by the statue of the beard man in the Louvre Museum, which was carved from the slate stone, And like naked except from the bag that covers his nakedness.
Among the most important developments of art in this era are sunken sculptures on ivory and then various stones later, and in the period of the Neolithic period and early pre-dynastic period, the ancient Egyptian man and the ivory bone used to form some human and animal statues, and one of the best finds was the face of a woman carved from the lower canine Hippo, it was found in one of the Badari graves and is now in the British Museum, and we see in it details of the face and the rest of the body parts indicating the skill of the people of Badari in making and shaping their arts and on a high taste and unparalleled cultural paper.
Sometimes the ancient Egyptian used red pottery as a substitute for bone, and there is a red pottery doll in the British Museum that dates back to the early days of the dynastic era in the fifth millennium BC of Al Badari and its height is about 11 cm, and it is a wonderful model that indicates the beginnings of sculpting and making small statues in the pre-dynastic period Two dolls from the bone, one of which may have originally been supplied with two snails coated with eyes promoted to the Naqada civilization of the first (about 4000--3600 BC).
Carving the statues continued in a civilization of Naqada ivory, as they formed from the clay, and most of these statues were women, and some were interested in showing the hair and its arrangement, and the men represented throughout the nude except from the cover-up of their nakedness or kneeling their arms tied behind their backs, and it is believed (Anwar Shukri ) All these statues are statues of cemeteries and had their ideological purposes such as in it the mother who gives birth to the deceased again to lead a second life, the dancer who rejoices his heart, and the servant who prepares food for him, while the statues of men think that they represent his services and guards.
References :
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