Macedonia under Rule
Antigonus Gonatas
Antigonus Gonatas:
Among the most famous kings of the Antiochian dynasty that ruled the country of Greece, he is the son of the famous King Demetrius I (besieged cities) and his father's grandfather is Antigon the one-eyed of Alexander the Great, and his mother is the villa of the daughter of Commander Antipros one of the most famous leaders of Alexander and was his deputy in Macedonia. Antigonus Gonatas was born in the late year (320-319 BC) and died in 239 BC. Gonatas lived eighty years and spent forty years as governor of Macedonia and Greece. Gonatas was born in the Gonnoi region of Thessaly, which is why he was named Gonatas in relation to his place of birth, and that place was a favorite of his mother, Villa. In ancient Greek, this nickname also indicates an iron plate used to protect the knee.
Demetrius I's marriage to the villa of the daughter of Antipros was one of the most famous political marriages that took place in the Hellenistic era in 321 BC, as these political marriages spread after the death of Alexander the Great among his leaders to consolidate their political positions. The marriage of a villa to Demetrius was part of the political plan of Antipatros in order to avoid the evil of one-eyed Antigonus's ambition to form a grand empire that included his properties in Asia and Macedonia.
Although Villa is the widow of Commander Craterus, who was killed during the struggle against Commander Eumenes in 321 BC, Villa had a child from Commander Craterus. Villa was also older than Demetrius I and she was about twenty years older than her, and Demetrius married her at the age of eighteen. It is worth noting that Demetrius was not satisfied with this marriage, but he accepted it to the satisfaction of his father.
It is worth noting that Villa played a great role in educating Antigonus Gonatas on the wisdom conveyed to him by his grandfather Antipros, as Gonatas had the strength, genius, and ambition enough to make him king, and he took those traits from his grandfather Antigon the one-eyed who possessed the ambition of the tyrant. As Antigonus Gonatas possessed there were honorable people like his father and grandfather, but he was known for instability and haste and he acquired that trait from his father Demetrius I.
Demetrius was interested in the education of his son, and when Gonatas was twenty-five years old he studied by many philosophers while in Athens. Where Athens was the most famous city in Greece that has schools of philosophy since the fourth century BC, and the most famous of these philosophers are Cleanthes and Bion, as well as the philosopher Zeno, and Gonatas was associated with a special friendship.
On the other hand, during the establishment of the site of Absos in 301 BC, Antigonus Gonatas was between the ages of eighteen and nineteen years, and in spite of this, Junatach did not participate in the battle in which his great-grandfather Antigonus was killed and his properties were divided among Ptolemy the First, Seleucus the First, Lucimachus and Cassandros Ben Antipros. Although Cassandros was a brother to Jonatas' mother, Villa played a major role after the end of the Epsos site to maintain peace between her husband Demetrius I and her brother Cassandros.
It is worth noting that Demetrius I married Deidameia, the princess of Epirus in 303 BC, and was almost the same age as his son Jonatas. Marriage was to forge an alliance between them to allow Demetrius' further intervention in Greece. And to confront the influence of Cassandros, who married the daughter of King Philip II Thessalonica (Thessalonica) to secure the throne of Macedonia.
Antigonus Jonatas king of Macedonia
After Antigonus Gonatas finished his conciliation with Antiochus I, he emptied to control the affairs of Macedonia, and he began to confront Antipatros, known as the owner of the dog days, and he tried to reach a settlement with him. He possesses a coward of Greek mercenary soldiers, but they are few in number, and many Macedonian states need to recover their strength, just as Jonatas has lost his branch in Macedonia, and he is nothing for the Macedonians except a strong man who will save the Macedonian people, and if he wants to reach the throne he must seize him carefully with the entry In fights with the Macedonians themselves as well as the competitors for the Macedonian throne Serum, the nephew of Cassandros, harbor any other exiles, but the Greek servicemen must support the Holakin. There are no resources to pay their dues.
Under these circumstances, Jonatas took the first step towards the king of Nikomides Bethania and many Gallic leaders, and he found a loophole that enabled him to overthrow the Antipatroi rule, namely that Antipros armed with the infidels and Greeks with cheap weapons, as he paid the Gallic mercenary soldiers unlike the Greek mercenary soldiers. The revolution within the country, and the soldiers demanded their entitlements, and because of that position, the Gallic expelled Antipros from Macedonia, and from this time Antipateroy and all of his vassals from the Cassandroi family disappeared from history.
Gonatas began to face the problem of paying the boiling barbarians, where the Gauls gathered all the women and children of Macedonia and put them in a camp and threatened them to kill these innocent people if the money had not been paid. Jonatas sent a wealthy to the leaders to fetch gold for the ransom of the hostages. Then he sent soldiers into there, and from the natural result, the barbarians realized the iron feeling of the new king, which was impossible for them, and after three years passed, the Alevis became in the service of the new king. Those conditions remained for a period of time, then they reappeared to claim the throne, and at the same time, when the crops attacked the cities, some of the major cities moved away from the central authority of Macedonia and declared independence, and Cassandria came on top of those cities, where I died under the rule of the tyrant Apollodorus who plundered her property and killed women and children. Private Gonatas from this matter, after increasing the influence of the tyrants, by contacting the enemies of Gonatas and establishing an alliance with them, and comes on top of them, a solution that wanted to seize all foreign Macedonian properties in Greece. The city of Cassandria was very fortified. So, Apollodorus entrusted his mercenary soldiers to the port, but Gonatas Aris has the Aetolian pirates, indicating the siege on the city that was anchoring the fleet of Demetrius’s first father. From the city, the soldiers agreed, and Västerno defended the city, and at night, Gonatas said that she had entered the city and taken over it after a ten-month siege.
The next step for Gonatas was to take control of Thessaly, where the Gallic invaders invaded Macedonia and gained independence from Macedonia. He succeeded in capturing it through the conquest of Cassandria, and it came in 276 B.C.
On the other hand, the barbarians feared an increase in the influence of Jonatas after the announcement of the decision to seize Losimachba.
Antigonus Gonatas seized this opportunity and created an army with the help of Antiochus I of Syria, who at that time had a friendship between them to restore his kingdom. Gonatas crossed the Dardanelles Strait and from there to Losimaghia and with the help of the Italians and Thracians to enter Macedonia. Gonatas arranged an ambush for them, hiding his soldiers, ordering the Italians to plunder the camp, and the Gelatin attacked the ships of Gonatas, then Gonatas appeared and besieged his army, and in this way he managed to defeat them. And the army installed him as king of Macedonia in 277 BC.
From this date Alexander was divided into three parts, namely the Seleucid Empire in Asia, the Ptolemaic Empire Egypt and southern Syria, and the Antigonian Empire in Macedonia and Greece. Although she was sometimes at war with each other, especially the Ptolemaic and Seleucid Empires, he fought several wars, which they realized to each other that a strong balance existed now. These three empires remained the same for more than a century. When a new super power entered Rome.
Antigonus Gonatas celebrated this victory in Bella, Macedonian capital, and celebrated his marriage to a villa in 276 B.C. From this date peace became pervading Macedonia and Greece won their freedom, the danger of the disappearance of the barbarians disappeared. The games and the inauguration of the monarch over Macedonia and the hands of a new era, living Macedonia.
Peace seemed to prevail in Macedonia and Greece, and Athens and Eritrea became friends with Gonatas, and peace prevailed in the region from 276-274 BC, where Gonatas also put Macedonian ships to the Greek states for the sake of controlling the states and made the Thessaloniki region a base for its war operations and who Here Macedonia became in control of the freedom of the countries of Greece