Alexander the great and EGYPT
Conquest of Egypt 332 BC:
After opening Gaza, the road became open to Egypt. In the autumn of 332 BC, Alexander headed to Egypt, and at the same time sent a naval fleet led by Hephaestus to secure the Egyptian coast.
Alexander arrived at the current city of Al-Faramah, the eastern gate of Egypt, and found the Persian garrison was ready, but he was able to seize it, then he went inside and found the Persian leader Mazaces in his reception to hand him over to Egypt.
Alexander arrived at the current city of Al-Faramah, the eastern gate of Egypt, and found the Persian garrison was ready, but he was able to seize it, then he went inside and found the Persian leader Mazaces in his reception to hand him over to Egypt.
Alexander arrived at Memphis, and received the conquest of the conquerors because he freed the Egyptians from the Persians and their authoritarian rule. Egypt became a homeland open to the Greeks as before.
Celebrations of this victory were held on the Greek system, and the Egyptians called Alexander the pharaoh. After that, Alexander headed north along the Canopic branch of the Nile until he reached the Mediterranean and ordered the establishment of a city he called Alexandria to honor his memory.
His goal in creating a city on this site was to recognize his importance and his admiration for him. In addition to that, the new city takes the fame and prosperity of the former Tire, and becomes the heart of its nascent empire.
He assigned one of his aides, called the "Dinocrates of Rhodes", to draw a plan for the city, and Alexander admired this planning and ordered its implementation. Clementis also assigned Egypt's Minister of Finance to supervise the construction of the city.
Celebrations of this victory were held on the Greek system, and the Egyptians called Alexander the pharaoh. After that, Alexander headed north along the Canopic branch of the Nile until he reached the Mediterranean and ordered the establishment of a city he called Alexandria to honor his memory.
His goal in creating a city on this site was to recognize his importance and his admiration for him. In addition to that, the new city takes the fame and prosperity of the former Tire, and becomes the heart of its nascent empire.
He assigned one of his aides, called the "Dinocrates of Rhodes", to draw a plan for the city, and Alexander admired this planning and ordered its implementation. Clementis also assigned Egypt's Minister of Finance to supervise the construction of the city.
The Battle of Gaugamela 331 BC:
In 331 BC, Alexander left Egypt, after news that the Persian king Darius III had moved in order to prepare a large army for a decisive battle.
Alexander reached Tire and took it as a base to attack the Persians. He prepared an army of forty thousand infantry and seven thousand horsemen, then went to Babylon, the Persian capital, crossing the Euphrates until he reached the east of the Tigris River, and from there he walked to the south until he reached near the Persian camp in the Gaugamela Plain. King Darius III found a huge army.
The commander, Parmenion, offered Alexander the attack at night, but he refused, telling him, "I do not steal victory." Alexander rested his soldiers, while the Persian forces continued to fortify their camp at night, fearing any attack. So Alexander proved his military genius.
At dawn his forces attacked the Persians and began to collapse the first line of defense of the Persian forces, the Persian king fled, leaving his army resisting Alexander, and the Persian army learned of the flight of their king and fled fleeing. With Alexander's victory, the road was open to him to Babylon.
Alexander reached Tire and took it as a base to attack the Persians. He prepared an army of forty thousand infantry and seven thousand horsemen, then went to Babylon, the Persian capital, crossing the Euphrates until he reached the east of the Tigris River, and from there he walked to the south until he reached near the Persian camp in the Gaugamela Plain. King Darius III found a huge army.
The commander, Parmenion, offered Alexander the attack at night, but he refused, telling him, "I do not steal victory." Alexander rested his soldiers, while the Persian forces continued to fortify their camp at night, fearing any attack. So Alexander proved his military genius.
At dawn his forces attacked the Persians and began to collapse the first line of defense of the Persian forces, the Persian king fled, leaving his army resisting Alexander, and the Persian army learned of the flight of their king and fled fleeing. With Alexander's victory, the road was open to him to Babylon.
Alexander arrived at Babylon and found its walls impermissible, and he began to besiege him, but he found the Persian commander Mazaius (Opening its doors in front of him) and handing it over to him, and Alexander treated her people like the Egyptians.
He undertook several reforms, including the reform of the destroyed Persian temples, especially the Ba'al temple, and Commander Mazayus took charge of Babylon, the first Persian governor appointed by the Macedonian ruler, but he made military and financial authority in the hands of Macedonian leaders.
Alexander began tracking the trace of the Persian king, so he headed towards the Susa region, the seat of his summer palace, and seized its castle and treasures, and from there to the Territory of Persepolis through the city of Parses, and Alexander found it fortified by the hills, with a terrifying mountain pass known as the gates.
Persian Gates penetrated the hills, and the Persian commander Aroperzen found himself besieged by the Macedonian army and surrendered.
In the year 330 BC, Alexander continued his campaign until he reached the city of Persopolis and seized the treasures of its palaces filled with gold.
Alexander deliberately burned the palace of King Xerxes because he destroyed the Greek temples during his campaign against Greece and he supervised himself to burn it.
He undertook several reforms, including the reform of the destroyed Persian temples, especially the Ba'al temple, and Commander Mazayus took charge of Babylon, the first Persian governor appointed by the Macedonian ruler, but he made military and financial authority in the hands of Macedonian leaders.
Alexander began tracking the trace of the Persian king, so he headed towards the Susa region, the seat of his summer palace, and seized its castle and treasures, and from there to the Territory of Persepolis through the city of Parses, and Alexander found it fortified by the hills, with a terrifying mountain pass known as the gates.
Persian Gates penetrated the hills, and the Persian commander Aroperzen found himself besieged by the Macedonian army and surrendered.
In the year 330 BC, Alexander continued his campaign until he reached the city of Persopolis and seized the treasures of its palaces filled with gold.
Alexander deliberately burned the palace of King Xerxes because he destroyed the Greek temples during his campaign against Greece and he supervised himself to burn it.
Alexander the Great and the conquests of the Eastern provinces
Alexander continued to chase King Darius III until he reached Media, the last province of the ancient Persian empire.
He did not find the Persian king, and he found him fled to Bacteria.
One of the princes of the Persian house called Bessus is the satrap of the Bactria region, where King Darius was arrested and put in prison, to use as a means to negotiate with Alexander.
During the flight of Piusus Darius tried to escape, and he was killed and left in the desert.
Alexander's soldiers found the Persian king struggling with death, so they gave him water So he died, and when he arrived, he died Kander and his grandfather had died.
He did not find the Persian king, and he found him fled to Bacteria.
One of the princes of the Persian house called Bessus is the satrap of the Bactria region, where King Darius was arrested and put in prison, to use as a means to negotiate with Alexander.
During the flight of Piusus Darius tried to escape, and he was killed and left in the desert.
Alexander's soldiers found the Persian king struggling with death, so they gave him water So he died, and when he arrived, he died Kander and his grandfather had died.
The death of the Persian king had an impact on Alexander, as he took off his cloak and placed it on him in appreciation and respect for this king, and ordered his body to be transported to Persopolis and buried next to his ancestors.
As for the Persian army, it declared its loyalty to Alexander,the death of the Persian king provided many obstacles to Alexander represented by the Persian revolutions if he killed him with his hand, as the Persians will not forget this matter.
With the death of King Darius III the era of the Achaemenid Persian family ends.
As for the Persian army, it declared its loyalty to Alexander,the death of the Persian king provided many obstacles to Alexander represented by the Persian revolutions if he killed him with his hand, as the Persians will not forget this matter.
With the death of King Darius III the era of the Achaemenid Persian family ends.
By the year 330 BC, Alexander became king of Asia, and he announced amnesty for its people, organized its administration, appointing Persian leaders to governorships, and placed military and financial power in the hands of Macedonian leaders.
By this he wanted to end the gap between the Western Greek and the East Persian element with the aim of establishing a united empire, so he gathered thirty thousand Persian boys to teach them Macedonian and Greek traditions and customs.
By this he wanted to end the gap between the Western Greek and the East Persian element with the aim of establishing a united empire, so he gathered thirty thousand Persian boys to teach them Macedonian and Greek traditions and customs.
Then Alexander proceeded to eliminate the symbols of the Persian resistance represented by the commander Pius, who fled to the Caspian Sea, and Alexander followed him there and entered that region peacefully and pardoned its people.
Then he headed to Iran and from there to the Aria region in the north and found Piusus He gathered his forces in a bacterium, declared himself a successor to King Darius III and called himself King Xerxes IV, so Alexander decided to fight him.
Then he headed to Iran and from there to the Aria region in the north and found Piusus He gathered his forces in a bacterium, declared himself a successor to King Darius III and called himself King Xerxes IV, so Alexander decided to fight him.
In the year 329 BC, Alexander took control of Hamadan, and while he was in it, he learned of a rebellion against him led by Commander Philotas (the son of Commander Parmenon).
He was arrested and sentenced to death by stone throwing according to Macedonian traditions. He divided his soldiers into two divisions, the first under the leadership of Hephaestus and the second under the leadership of Craterius.
With this position of Alexander, the relationship was strained in the recent period between him and the Parmenians because of the emergence of new leaders who became opponents to him such as the commander Calisthenes, in addition to his position in the site of Gaugamela.
Alexander appointed Ptolemy of Lagus to the corners of the army, and Ptolemy was one of Alexander's seven guards.
He was arrested and sentenced to death by stone throwing according to Macedonian traditions. He divided his soldiers into two divisions, the first under the leadership of Hephaestus and the second under the leadership of Craterius.
With this position of Alexander, the relationship was strained in the recent period between him and the Parmenians because of the emergence of new leaders who became opponents to him such as the commander Calisthenes, in addition to his position in the site of Gaugamela.
Alexander appointed Ptolemy of Lagus to the corners of the army, and Ptolemy was one of Alexander's seven guards.
In the year 328 BC, Alexander the Great continued his campaign heading to Afghanistan until he reached the Hindu kush and the Greeks called it Caucasus (Caucasus).
Alexander crossed these mountains until he reached the Gihon River in the east, and from there to the Halmand plain He established the city of Alexandria as the capital of Arachosia, and then walked his army to the north and crossed the mountain path, which is approximately eleven thousand feet high, with the aim of reaching Bisus in bacteria. Bisus knew this, and he evacuated bacteria and headed to the Gihon River and from behind Alexander after he seized it .
Alexander crossed these mountains until he reached the Gihon River in the east, and from there to the Halmand plain He established the city of Alexandria as the capital of Arachosia, and then walked his army to the north and crossed the mountain path, which is approximately eleven thousand feet high, with the aim of reaching Bisus in bacteria. Bisus knew this, and he evacuated bacteria and headed to the Gihon River and from behind Alexander after he seized it .
After Alexander took over a bacterium, he headed to Samarcand, and he betrayed him by agreeing with Alexander to hand over Piusos in exchange for avoiding war with him.
Commander Ptolemy received Bisus, handcuffed, with a bare body, and was executed in bacteria. Then Alexander created a new city on the banks of the River Gihon, which he called Alexandria. And he held a grand celebration in which he overcame drinking and did not control his mind, as he killed his brother Kultius, who was Alexander's brother in breastfeeding.
And when he regretfully regretted what he did. On the other hand, little time passed on the loyalty of Spentaminesh, and he revolted against Alexander during the absence of his army to quell the Bedouin rebellion in the Saihun River.
Commander Ptolemy received Bisus, handcuffed, with a bare body, and was executed in bacteria. Then Alexander created a new city on the banks of the River Gihon, which he called Alexandria. And he held a grand celebration in which he overcame drinking and did not control his mind, as he killed his brother Kultius, who was Alexander's brother in breastfeeding.
And when he regretfully regretted what he did. On the other hand, little time passed on the loyalty of Spentaminesh, and he revolted against Alexander during the absence of his army to quell the Bedouin rebellion in the Saihun River.
In the late 328 BC, a conspiracy to murder Alexander from the leader Hermolaus was masterminded because of what Alexander the Great had done in his pimps. But the commander, Ptolemy, became known as the conspiracy, and he arrested Hermolaus and executed him with stones.
At the same time, Alexander was able to control the rebellion of the Bad and in the River Sihon and then went to his warrior Spentamnesh, so he defeated him and forced him to flee. It was during this period that Alexander the Great married Roxana the daughter of a ruler of a bacterium and thus controlled the eastern Persian provinces.